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The Trump administration has moved a step closer to requiring the collection of DNA samples from many of the undocumented immigrants held in U.S. detention facilities, a dramatic expansion of enforcement powers that civil rights groups say could be abused.

Under a new rule announced Friday, the Department of Homeland Security can collect DNA samples from non-U.S. citizens who are being detained for criminal offenses in federal facilities. The samples would be put into a massive database operated by the FBI that federal, state and local authorities use to identify and locate violent criminals who are in the country illegally.

“The failure to collect DNA has allowed subjects accused of violent crimes, including homicide and sexual assault, to avoid detection even when they have been detained multiple times,” according to a Justice Department statement.

But civil liberties groups have said that forced DNA collection could affect hundreds of thousands of people, including refugees, asylum seekers and children who are in administrative detention but haven’t committed any crimes.

“Collecting the genetic blueprints of people in immigration detention doesn’t make us safer,” Naureen Shah, a senior advocacy and policy counsel with the American Civil Liberties Union, said in a statement on Friday. “It makes it easier for the government to attack immigrant communities, and brings us one step closer to the government knocking on all of our doors demanding our DNA under the same flawed justification that we may one day commit a crime.”

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The rule will be published officially on March 9. The Homeland Security Department has been operating a test program since January in anticipation of the rule.